Research Article |
Corresponding author: Nicolas Moulin ( nmentomo@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Matan Shelomi
© 2017 Nicolas Moulin, Thibaud Decaëns, Philippe Annoyer.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Moulin N, Decaëns T, Annoyer P (2017) Diversity of mantids (Dictyoptera: Mantodea) of Sangha-Mbaere Region, Central African Republic, with some ecological data and DNA barcoding. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26(2): 117-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.19863
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This study aims at assessing mantid diversity and community structure in a part of the territory of the Sangha Tri-National UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Central African Republic (CAR), including the special forest reserve of Dzanga-Sangha, the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park. The study area is located in the biome of the dense tropical rainforest of the Congo Basin, the second largest area of tropical forest behind the Amazon basin, and one of the last regions on earth where pristine forest ecosystems persist. Between 1984 and 2012, eight collecting campaigns were conducted by P. Annoyer, M. Loubes and S. Danflous, with the aim of documenting invertebrate diversity in this remote and poorly studied area. Mantids were collected in different habitats and microhabitats using four harvesting techniques: visual hunting (threshing, mowing), active search in the trees, autonomous UV collecting (Remote Canopy Trap) and classical light trapping with mercury light. Community patterns were assessed using rarefaction curves and diversity estimators (ACE). Specimens (n = 25) were also found at the National Museum of Natural History (
Congo Basin, DNA barcoding, ecology, Praying Mantis, sampling methods, species richness, tropical rainforest
Currently, over 2,400 valid species of Mantodea have been recorded worldwide (
The rainforests of Central Africa are the largest rainforest block after the Amazon basin (
Sangha-Mbaere Region is located in the Southwest of the Central African Republic (CAR) (Fig.
Sangha-Mbaere Region in Central African Republic. A. Location of Tri National Sangha area in Central Africa; B. Location of principal sampling stations and largest towns. Black dots: Main city in Sangha-Mbaere Region. White dots: Main collection areas. Sources: http://www.diva-gis.org adminstrative area, Sangha-Mbaere Region; C. Illustration of the habitats studied; D. Primary forest of CAR, Dzanga Bai with forest elephants.
Here, we report on the diversity of the Mantodea (Insecta: Dictyoptera) found within Sangha-Mbaere Region since 1984.
Our review covers all species found on decades of collecting trips through Sangha-Mbaere Region. We discuss the ecological traits and taxonomic status of the Mantodea of this under-sampled region. Some specimens are not identified to species. They will be described in other papers, which will include generic revision (e.g. Cataspilota, Chlidonoptera, Plistospilota). Some others need more taxonomic research (e.g. Miomantis, Entella, Galepsus).
Since 1984, several trips were made to the Sangha-Mbaere Region to collect insects (with a focus on Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). In 2008, the expedition, named Epiphyte 2008, visited the Dzanga-Sangha Reserve. In November 2010, the one-month long expedition was a reconnaissance mission which paved the way for a larger expedition of two months, called SANGHA “Biodiversité en Terre Pygmée”, in January-March 2012. The last two expeditions (2010 and 2012) were organized in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park.
Most specimens were collected using light traps consisting of a white sheet illuminated by a 250W mercury vapor bulb. In 2010 and 2012, light traps (Mercury Vapor lamps, economics lamps, neons) were complemented by other sampling procedures, including visual collecting during tree climbing, night and day research in understory vegetation, remote canopy trap, and aerial interception trap (Fig.
Specimens were killed using cyanide vapour jars, dried by wood fire smoke and preserved in paper bags or on cotton wrap. All specimens were then studied in the laboratory of Nicolas Moulin.
Identifications were done following the updated taxonomy in the Mantodea Species File website (
Live habitus. A. Sphodromantis lineola pinguis (green female) from LNP; B. Sphodromantis lineola pinguis (brown female) from LNP; C. Sphodromantis lineola pinguis (green male) from LNP; D. Alalomantis muta (female) from CMNP; E. Polyspilota aeruginosa (male) from LNP; F. Macrodanuria elongata (male) from DNNP; G. Miomantis preussi (green female) from DNNP; H. Miomantis preussi (brown female) from DNNP; I. Miomantis preussi (male) from DNNP.
Live habitus. A. Theopompella aurivillii (female) from DNNP; B. Theopompella sp. (young) from DNNP; C. Dactylopteryx flexuosa (female) from DNNP; D. Amorphoscelis griffinii (male) from DNNP; E. Amorphoscelis pulchra (male) from DNNP; F. Galinthias amoena (female) from LNP; G. Panurgica feae (female) from DNNP; H. Chloroharpax modesta (male) from DNNP; I. Anasigerpes bifasciata (female) from DNNP; J. Pseudocreobotra ocellata (female) from LNP; K. Pseudocreobotra ocellata (male) from DNNP; L.Oxypiloidea (Catasigerpes) margarethae (female) from DNNP.
An occurrence table consisting of 71 species and 1232 individuals was constructed, where the locality, habitat and sampling method were documented. This table was then used to compute observed richness (calculated as the total number of species observed in a given locality or habitat, or for a given sampling method) and an estimation of the theoretical species richness using the ACE diversity estimator using the ‘Vegan’ Package for R v. 2.7.2. (
DNA barcoding, the analysis of a standardized segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, was performed on a representative selection of specimens (171, selected by diversity criteria). Tissues were sent to the Canadian Center for DNA Barcoding (CCDB) at the University of Guelph for DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. PCR was performed using the PCR primers C_LepFolF/C_LepFolR. Data are currently managed under projects: “Mantodea of Gabon – Project 1 [ECOTROP 2014]”, “Mantodea of Gabon – Project 2 [ECOTROP 2011]”, “DNA Barcoding Mantodea - Collection N. Moulin” at Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Canada; boldsystems.org). Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) distances were calculated using the BOLD 4.0 interface (
All specimens are, at the moment, in the “Insectes du Monde” collection (Ph. Annoyer, Sabine, France) and in the Research Collection of Nicolas Moulin (Montérolier, France).
Abbreviations used in this paper:
BOLD Barcode of Life Project, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario;
IDM Insectes du Monde Collection, P. Annoyer, Sainte-Croix-de-Volvestre;
RCNM Research Collection of Nicolas Moulin, Montérolier;
MSC Martin Stiewe Collection, Berkshire;
DNNP Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic;
LNP Lope National Park, Gabon;
CMNP Cristal Mountains National Park, Gabon;
NM Nicolas Moulin;
PA Philippe Annoyer.
A total of 1232 specimens (7 families, 36 genera, 1125 males, 89 females, 18 nymphs) were recovered, representing 71 species.
Entella sp. Unidentified at the moment, research is required about this genus in Congo Basin.
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, UV trap 15-20.II.1986 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM).
Beier 1969. Publcoes. Cult. Co. Diam. Angola. 81: 15.
Dundo (Angola).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 3, UV trap 15-23.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Molongo, border of Sangha River, UV trap 24.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM).
Angola, CAR.
Giglio-Tos 1913. Genera Insect. 144: 9.
“Punta Frailes nell’isola Fernando Po”, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy, 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, Genitalia Roy 4404, UV trap 01.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Buffalos bay, trunk, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-236, day capture 26.I.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, UV trap 10.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, laboratory tent, night capture 23.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy, 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Malvaceae, UV trap 24.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, trunk of “M’boko” Balanites wilsoniana, Zygophylaceae, day capture tree-climbing 28.II.2012 (♂) (Collector G. Duvot and E. Le Couillard) (RCNM).
Bioko Island, Cameroon, CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Rwanda.
Bolivar 1908b. Dt. Ent. Z. 1908: 515.
Cameroon.
CAR, Komassa, UV trap 05.VIII.1966 (♂) (Collector M. Boulard) (
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Uganda.
Roy 1963. Mem. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire 66: 173
Nimba, Ziela (Guinea).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga-Lidjombo, PK 21 toward south-west, Genitalia Roy 4247, UV trap 16.VI.1998 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 54m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 13.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 54m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 14.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 12.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM).
CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Tanzania, Uganda.
Bolivar 1908. Dt. Ent. Z. 1908: 515.
Cameroon.
CAR, Salo, UV trap 11.IX.1966 (♂) (Collector M. Boulard) (
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone.
Roy 1984. Revue fr. Ent. 6(2): 76.
Dimonika (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, base of a “Kungu” Piptadenestrium africanum, Fabaceae, Genitalia Roy 4249 and Roy 4255, UV trap 19-23.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM).
CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Giglio-Tos 1913. Genera Insect. 144: 9.
Johann-Albrechtshöhe (North Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenestrium africanum, Fabaceae, Genitalia Roy 4248, UV trap 23.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon.
Giglio-Tos 1914 [1913]. Bull. Soc. Ent. Italica 45: 47
Njole (Gabon).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 07.II.2005 (♀) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Lidjombo, trunk, night capture 17.XI.2010 (nymph) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, trunk, day capture 19.XI.2010 (nymph) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, trunk, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-233, day capture 30.I.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, UV trap 07.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR, Gabon.
Giglio-Tos 1913. Genera Insect. 144: 10.
Kratoki (Togo).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 01.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 40m, “Kosipo” Entandrophragma candollei, Meliaceae, UV trap 17.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 21-23.X.2008 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 24.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Togo.
Bolivar 1908b. Dt. Ent. Z. 1908: 514.
Cameroon.
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, UV trap 15-20.II.1986 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki NP, Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 01.II.2005 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 06.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 23.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 21.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 5, little clearing in the forest, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 29.XI-01.XII.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Molongo, UV trap 24-25.I.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 08-12.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 15.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 3, UV trap 15.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, night capture 17.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 24.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM).
Angola, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Tanzania.
Giglio-Tos 1915b. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 46: 52.
Johann-Albrecht Mts (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Buffalos bay, leaf, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-205, day capture 09.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-206, UV trap 09.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR.
Sjöstedt 1900. Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 25(6): 15.
Kitta (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, leaf, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-252, night capture 19.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Buffalos bay, leaf, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-228, night capture 25.I.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, Base camp, leaf, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-207, night capture 30.I.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR.
Werner 1907. Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 116: 221, 222.
Mukonje, between mundame and Mungo River (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Molongo, Sangha river bank, leaf, night capture 13.XI.2010 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Nigeria.
Beier 1942. Annln naturh. Mus. Wien 52: 127.
Kribi (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Lidjombo, in a little bay, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-200 (1♂), UV trap 04-10.II.2005 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Research required and it is the subject of an upcoming revision.
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mboki, Sangha river bank, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-518 (♂), UV trap 24.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Roy 2002. Bull. De la Societe Entomologique de France 107(5): 535.
La Maboke (CAR).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0068 (1♂) and NM0085 (1♂), UV trap 06-11.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0064 (1♂), UV trap 24.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR.
Giglio-Tos 1911. Bull. Soc. Ital. 42: 113.
Misahohe (Togo).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 35m, “Limba” Terminalia superba, Combretaceae, UV trap 09.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, Genitalia Moulin NM0065, night capture 20.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Togo.
Giglio-Tos 1911. Bull. Soc. Ital. 42: 113.
Buea Moutains (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 7, bacording BOLD NMMAN11-521 (1 nymph), day capture 27.XI.2010 (nymph) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Togo.
Werner 1907. Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 116: 215.
Banyaya (Cameroon).
CAR, Komassa, UV trap 05.VIII.1966 (♂) (Collector M. Boulard) (
Cameroon, CAR, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Gabon.
Karsch 1892b. Ent. Nachr. 18: 148.
Barombi (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, leaf, night capture 24.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Molongo, Sangha river bank, Genitalia Moulin NM0086, leaf, day capture 24.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Molongo, trunk, night capture 24.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, trunk, night capture 26.I.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 01.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, leaf, night capture 02.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 28.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Bioko Island, Cameroon, CAR, Gabon.
La Greca 1954. Annuar. Inst. Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli 6(2): 38.
Kibalu-Ituri, Mongbwalu, Tshuapa Boende (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 01.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 22-23.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, clearing in the forest, UV trap 02.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 04-07.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 16.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous”, Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-422 (1♂), Genitalia Moulin NM0046 (1♂), UV trap 22-24.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Togo.
Most recent genus revision (
Saussure 1871. Mem. Soc. Hist. nat. Geneve 21: 442.
Natal (South Africa).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 06.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 08.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM) (RCNM); Lake 1, clearing in the forest, UV trap 09.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 22.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 24.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM) (RCNM).
Botswana, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Beier 1930. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 6: 456.
Njala (Sierra Leone).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 3, UV trap 15.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, UV trap 22.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone.
Most recent genus revision (
Roy 1964. Bull. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire (A) 26: 776.
Grabo (Ivory Coast).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Buffalos bay, UV trap 26.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-510 (1♂), UV trap 05-07.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 14.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, leaf, on the canopy, “Moukouloungou” Autramella congolensis, Sapotaceae, night capture 22.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 22.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-509 (1♂), UV trap 23.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, day capture on “M’Boko” Balanites wilsoniana, Zygophylaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0042, trunk, day capture 28.II.2012 (♂) (Collector G. Duvot and E. Le Couillard) (RCNM).
CAR, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast.
Giglio-Tos 1915. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 46: 103.
Aburi (Ghana).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 21-23.X.2008 (4♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 12.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-508 (1♂), UV trap 23-24.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, day capture on “M’Boko” Balanites wilsoniana, Zygophylaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0041, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-507 (1♂), UV trap 28.II.2012 (♂) (Collector G. Duvot and E. Le Couillard) (RCNM).
Angola, CAR, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast.
Roy 1963. Mem. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire 66: 199.
Nimba Mt, Ziela (Guinea).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-503 (1♂), UV trap 24.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, prospection on “M’boko” Balanites wilsoniana, Zygophylaceae, trunk, day capture 28.II.2012 (♂) (Collector G. Duvot and E. Le Couillard) (RCNM).
CAR, Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone.
Giglio-Tos 1915. Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. Comp. R. univ. Torino 30(702): 14.
Estudan-Manf, signal Bascho (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, UV trap 15-20.II.1986 (3♂, 1♀) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, direction Lidjombo PK15, UV trap 06.VI.1998 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, direction Lidjombo PK21, UV trap 16.VI.1998 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 01-02.II.2005 (4♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, in a little Bay, UV trap 04.II.2005 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 38m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 24-25.II.2005 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Bayanga, Sangha river bank, UV trap 09.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 54m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariceae, UV trap 13-17.X.2008 (9♂, 5♀) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 21-23.X.2008 (14♂, 4♀) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, laboratory tent, night capture 29-30.XI.2010 (3♀) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 30.XI-01.XII.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, Doli Lodge, night capture 04.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Molongo, UV trap 24.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, UV trap 29.I.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, platform on the canopy, “Limba” Terminalia superba, Combretaceae, UV trap 03.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, UV trap 04.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 04-07.II.2012 (21♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, Base camp, UV trap 09.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 09.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, Base camp, UV trap 10.II.2012 (5♂, 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 12.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, Base camp, UV trap 12.II.2012 (6♂, 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 15.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 15.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, UV trap 19.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, laboratory tent, night capture 20.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, UV trap 21.II.2012 (5♂, 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 22.II.2012 (3♂, 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 22.II.2012 (1♂, 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 23-24.II.2012 (11♂, 18♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, day capture, “Azobé” forest 24.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 24.II.2012 (9♂, 3♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, platform on the canopy 40m, “Sapelli” Entandrophragma cylindricum, Meliaceae, UV trap 26.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, UV trap 26.II.2012 (2♂, 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, UV trap 28.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, day capture on “M’Boko” Balanites wilsoniana, Zygophylaceae, UV trap 28.II.2012 (2♀) (Collector G. Duvot and E. Le Couillard) (RCNM).
Angola, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Uganda.
Roy 1966. Bull. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire A 28: 128.
Kivu, Kabunga (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 54m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 15.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 23.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 02.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, Genitalia Moulin NM0036, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-505 (1♂), UV trap 10.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 24.II.2012 (1♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, Genitalia Moulin NM0039 (1♂), barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-506 (1♂), UV trap 26.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, night capture 28.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Roy 1979. Bull. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire 40(1): 92.
Brazzaville (Congo).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, Base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 29.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, Base camp, Genitalia Moulin NM0040 (1♂), UV trap 07-12.II.2012 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR, Congo.
Werner 1908. Ber. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. 1908: 54.
Unknown.
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-504 (1♀), UV trap 24.II.2012 (1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Uganda.
Most recent genus revision (
Roy, 2013
La Maboke (Central African Republic).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-424 (1♂), UV trap 02.II.2005 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 04-06.II.2005 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-423 (1♀), UV trap 21-23.X.2008 (1♂; 1♀) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Ouodo, 90km NE of Nola, UV trap 10-12.VI.2009 (1♂) (Collector A. Kudrna Jr.) (MSC); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, laboratory tent, night capture 26-28.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-251 (1♂), UV trap 29-30.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 04-09.II.2012 (3♂, 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 12.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 22-24.II.2012 (2♂; 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda.
Werner 1912. Brelin ent. Z. 57: 17.
Dire Daoua (Ethiopia).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 38m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-425 (1♂), UV trap 25.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 23.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, night capture, Genitalia Moulin NM0037 24.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector S. Danflous) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-232 (♀) and -235 (1♂), UV trap 02-07.II.2012 (1♂; 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 16.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, day capture 21.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 23.II.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Uganda.
See discussion about this case in the section on DNA barcoding results.
Research required and it is the subject of an upcoming revision.
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK15, UV trap 31.V.1998 (2♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 02-16.VI.1998 (5♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 05-06.II.2005 (7♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Lidjombo, base camp, day capture 08.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Lidjombo, forest, UV trap 13.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Bayanga, base camp, leaf, night capture 20.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 23.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); camp near a “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 24.X.2008 (3♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Bayanga, base camp, UV trap 11.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 26.XI.2010 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 30.XI-02.XII.2010 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 5, little clearing in the forest, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, WWF, wall of WWF guest house, night capture 21.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mboki, South of Likembe, UV trap 25.I.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-405 (1♂), UV trap 01-02.II.2012 (6♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, platform on the canopy, “Limba” Terminalia superba, Combretaceae, UV trap 03.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-404 and LopeMAN14-062, UV trap 04.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PА) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 05.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 10-13.II.2012 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 15.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 19.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 20.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, Genitalia Moulin 0069 (1♂), UV trap 22-24.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 22.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, UV trap 29.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, laboratory tent, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-398, night capture 02.III.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR.
Gerstaecker 1883. Mitt. Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. 14: 82.
Cameroon.
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 15.VI.1998 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Ouodo, before cross-road between Nola and Berberati, UV trap 20.I.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 04-06.II.2005 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 38m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 25.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, at the basis of “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 18.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 23.X.2008 (6♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 21.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 24-30.XI.2010 (7♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, WWF, wall of WWF guest house, night capture 21.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 30.I.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 31.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 04-06.II.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 10-12.II.2012 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 15.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-413 and -414, UV trap 18.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-452 (1♂), UV trap 22-24.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, platform on the canopy 40m, “Sapelli” Entandophragma cylindricum, Meliaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-437 (1♂), UV trap 26.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria.
Griffini 1907. Annali Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 43: 414.
Fernando Po Island = Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 09-15.VI.1998 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 07.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 35m, “Limba” Terminalia superba, Combretaceae, UV trap 09.II.2005 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, camp near a “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 24.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 5, little clearing in the forest, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, clearing in the forest, UV trap 02.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 7, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-197 (1♂), UV trap 02.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 6, day capture 03.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, day capture 12.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 12.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 14.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-230, UV trap 28.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, leaf, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-231 (1♀), day capture 03.III.2012 (2♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Angola, Bioko Island, CAR, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon.
La Greca 1954. Annuar. Inst. Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli. 6(2): 6.
Tshuapa, Eala (Demcratic Republic of the Congo).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, UV trap 11.X.2008 (♀) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Bayanga, camp near a “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 19.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 23.X.2008 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-202 and -203 (2♂), UV trap 04.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 10.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 10.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 11.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, UV trap 13.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-454, UV trap 15.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, laboratory tent, night capture 20.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-500, UV trap 22.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-399 (1♂) and -429 (1♂), UV trap 23-24.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, day capture on “M’Boko” Balanites wilsoniana, Zygophylaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0044 and NM0045, trunk, day capture 28.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector G. Duvot and E. Le Couillard) (RCNM).
CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon.
Palisot de Beauvois 1805. Ins. Afr. Amer. Orth. p. 110.
Oware (Angola).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, UV trap 15-20.II.1086 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, Cyperaceae, day capture 20.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 2, Cyperaceae, day capture 21-30.XI.2010 (1♂, 2♀) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, airfield, day capture 23.I.2012 (nymph) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, Cyperaceae, day capture 02-11.II.2012 (3 nymph, 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, laboratory tent, night capture 13.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda.
Burmeister 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 549.
Cape Province (South Africa).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, UV trap 15-20.II.1986 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 06.II.2005 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, near “Oualé” river, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-499, UV trap 06.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 07.II.2005 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Molongo, Sangha river bank, UV trap 25.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Angola, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar?, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe.
Beier 1942. Annln. Naturh. Mus. Wien. 52: 150.
Kribi (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, Sangha river bank, UV trap 25.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 07.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Angola, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast.
Roy 1996. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Section A Zoologie Biologie et Ecologie Animales 18(1-2): 84.
Sapele (Nigeria).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, Base camp, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 24.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 7, UV trap 28.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 01.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-440 (1♂), UV trap 01-19.II.2012 (8♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-412 (1♂), night capture 13-19.II.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0084 (1♂), barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-456 (1♂), UV trap 24.II.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, platform on the canopy 40m, “Sapelli” Entandrophragma cylindricum, Meliaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-428 (1♂), UV trap 26.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Nigeria.
Giglio-Tos 1915b. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 46: 92.
Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Lidjombo, in forest near base camp, UV trap 27.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 23.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 25.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 5, little clearing in the forest, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 01.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0052 (1♂), UV trap 05-10.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 10-12.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 19.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, prospection on “M’boko” Balanites wilsoniana, Zygophylaceae, trunk, day capture 28.II.2012 (♀) (Collector G. Duvot and E. Le Couillard) (RCNM).
Benin, Bioko Island, Cameroon, CAR, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo.
Karsch 1894. Berl. Ent. Z. 34(2): 277.
Buea Montains (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK15, UV trap 31.V.1998 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 09-15.VI.1998 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 05-06.II.2005 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, base camp, UV trap 16.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 02.XII.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); M’Boki, Sangha river bank, UV trap 25.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0082 (1♂), UV trap 04-12.II.2012 (6♂; 2♀) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 10-12.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-457 (1♂), night capture 13-17.II.2012 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 19.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-453 (1♂), UV trap 24.II.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Angola, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria.
Roy 1963. Mem. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire 66: 195.
Mount Nimba, Ziela (Guinea).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 09.VI.1998 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, in a little bay near base camp, UV trap 05.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 28.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 01.XII.2010 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, Genitalia Moulin NM0072 (1♂), UV trap 02-12.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Angola, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Uganda.
Borre de Preudhomme 1883. Liste Mant. Mus. Bruxelles 76.
Conde (Guinea).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, tent, night capture 29.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast.
Karsch 1892a. Ent. Nachr. 18(1): 8.
Unknown (Gabon).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, trunk, night capture 25-26.XI.2010 (1 nymph; 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast.
Sjöstedt 1900. Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 25(6): 3.
Mapanga (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK15, UV trap 31.V.1998 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 35m, “Limba” Terminalia superba, Combretaceae, UV trap 09.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 54m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 17.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 21.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Bayanga, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 21.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, Sangha river bank, UV trap 25.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 01.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, Base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 02.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, trunk, night capture 08.II.2012 (♀) (Collector PA and NM) RCNM); Buffalos bay, leaf, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-439, night capture 19.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-416, UV trap 24.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-430, UV trap 29.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Angola, Bioko Island, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Malawi.
Gerstaecker 1883. Mitt. Ver. Vorpomm. xiv: 80.
Quaqua (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 13.VI.1998 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, Sangha river bank, UV trap 03.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, in forest, UV trap 12-13.II.2005 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, leaf, day capture 18.X.2008 (♀) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, Sangha river bank, UV trap 25.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 27.I-10.II.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0092, UV trap 15.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, Doli Lodge, leaf, night capture, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-402, 16.II.2012 (♂) (Collector J.-P. Maurel) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, laboratory tent, night capture 20.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, leaf, Genitalia Moulin NM0077, 24.II.2012 (1♂) day capture 23-24.II.2012 (1♂; 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-415, UV trap 24.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria.
Giglio-Tos 1916. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 48: 87.
Galli-Koko (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 23.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, Genitalia NM0087, day capture 31.I.2012 (♂) (NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon.
Roy 1973. Biologia gabon. 8(3-4): 256.
Plateau Ipassa (Gabon).
CAR, Komassa, UV trap 07.VIII.1966 (♂) (Collector M. Boulard) (
CAR, Gabon.
Roy 1963. Mem. Inst. fond. Afr. noire 66: 183.
Mount Nimba, Ziela (Guinea).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 15-16.VI.1998 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, platform on the canopy 35m, “Limba” Terminalia superba, Combretaceae, UV trap 09.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, base camp, tent, night capture 21.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 23.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Bayanga, base camp, tent, night capture 24.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Molongo, Sangha river bank, UV trap 14.XI.2010 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 26.XI.2010 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 7, UV trap 28.XI.2010 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé”, Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 29.XI-01.XII.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 30.XI-01-XII.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 02.XII.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, WWF guest house, night capture 21.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, M’Boki, Sangha river bank, UV trap 25.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, leaf, day capture 01.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 07-10.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 11.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé”, Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 12.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 12.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 13-14.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 15.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, Genitalia Moulin NM0083 (1♂), barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-410 (1♂), Genitalia Moulin NM0073 (1♂), night capture 17-22.II.2012 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-450 (1♂), UV trap 24.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 25.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast.
Karsch 1892a. Ent. Nachr. 18: 7.
Kribi (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Lidjombo, base camp, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 02.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 06.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, Genitalia Moulin NM0080 (1♂), UV trap 30.I-12.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 24.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM).
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Gabon.
Rehn 1949. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 74: 200.
Lukolela (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap, 16.VI.1998 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, UV trap 06.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 22-23.X.2008 (4♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, Sangha river bank, UV trap 25.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM and RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 01.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Buffalos bay, UV trap 26.I.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 27.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 10-12.II.2012 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-420 and -421, UV trap 15.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 15.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scelroxylon, Sterculariaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0053 (1♂), barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-435 (1♂), UV trap 22.II.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-443, UV trap 22.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-455 (1♂), UV trap 23-24.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon.
Research required and it is the subject of an upcoming revision.
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, base camp, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-427 (1♂), UV trap 11-25.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Bayanga, base camp, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-426 (1♂), leaf, night capture 18-24.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Ivory Coast ?, Gabon.
Research required and it is the subject of an upcoming revision.
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, UV trap 15-20.II.1986 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 16.VI.1998 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 04.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, base camp, UV trap 16.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, base camp, night capture 21.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, Sangha river bank, UV trap 25.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Molongo, trunk, day capture 15.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, base camp, UV trap 24.XI.2010 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 7, UV trap 28.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 28.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 5, little clearing in the forest, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 29-30.XI.2010 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 01.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, leaf, night capture 21.I.2012 (nymph) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Bayanga, WWF guest house, night capture 21.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, UV trap 03.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, Genitalia Moulin NM0055 (1♂), UV trap 10-11.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 12.II.2012 (nymph) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 12.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-419 and -433, night capture 19.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, Genitalia Moulin NM0057, night capture 22.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 22.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 27.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-418, UV trap 01.III.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia.
This genus is being reviewed.
Westwood, 1889. Revis. Mantid. p. 35.
Calabar (Nigeria).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, Sangha river bank, UV trap 09.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, UV trap 19.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 01.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0089, UV trap 03.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 13.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Bioko Island, Cameroon, CAR, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria.
Giglio-Tos 1911. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 42: 11.
Lolodorf (Cameroon).
CAR, Komassa, UV trap 05-07.VIII.1966 (2♂) (Collector M. Boulard) (
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Nigeria.
See discussion about this case in the section on DNA barcoding results.
Research required and it is the subject of an upcoming revision.
CAR, Salo, Genitalia Roy 1047, UV trap 11.IX.1966 (♂) (Collector M. Boulard) (
Giglio-Tos 1911. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 42: 6.
Ngoko (Cameroon).
CAR, Komassa, UV trap 07.VIII.1966 (♂) (Collector M. Boulard) (
Cameroon, CAR, Gabon.
Goeze 1778. Ent. Beitrag. 2: 35.
Unknown.
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Reserve Special, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK15, UV trap 31.V.1998 (♀) (Collector PA) (RCNM); between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 15.VI.1998 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Molongo, UV trap 15.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 22.XI-01-XII.2010 (1♂; 1♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Bambio, leaf, day capture 24.I.2012 (4 nymph) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 6, leaf, day capture 03.II.2012 (nymph) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, Doli Lodge, leaf, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-401, night capture 16.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-436, night capture 20.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-447, UV trap 22.II.2012 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-444 (1♂) and -501 (1♂), UV trap 15-24.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Molongo, Sangha river bank, leaf, day capture 05.III.2012 (2 nymph) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Molongo, Sangha river bank, leaf, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-442, night capture 08.III.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Angola, Cameroon, Cape Verde, CAR, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe.
La Greca 1966. Frag. ent. 4: 100.
La Maboke (CAR).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, platform on the canopy 54m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 13-17.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, WWF guest house, night capture 21.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, Genitalia Moulin NM0097, UV trap 10.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR, Gabon.
Roy 1965. Biologia Gabon. 1: 289.
Belinga (Gabon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 04.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 44m, “Kungu” Piptadenastrium africanum, Fabaceae, UV trap 21.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, base camp, tent, night capture 21.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 5, in a little clearing, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 09-12.II.2012 (6♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, barcoding BOLD NMMAN11-432 (1♂) and -449 (1♂), night capture 13-24.II.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 24.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon.
Karsch 1892b. Ent. Nachr. 18: 147.
Barombi (Cameroon).
CAR, Komassa, UV trap 05-13.VIII.1966 (9♂); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 15.VI.1998 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Between Bayanga and Lidjombo, PK21, UV trap 16.VI.1998 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 06.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, transit camp near Songo waterfalls, UV trap 10.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, platform on the canopy 54m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 17.X.2008 (3♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, base camp, UV trap 18.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, base camp, tent, night capture 20.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, base camp, UV trap 21.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, Sangha river bank, UV trap 25.X.2008 (2♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Molongo, Sangha river bank, UV trap 14.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 20.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 23-25.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 26.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 26.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 4, leaf, day capture 27.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 7, UV trap 28.XI.2010 (6♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 28.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 35m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 28.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 28.XI.2010 (7♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 5, in a little clearing, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 29.XI.2010 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 30.XI-01.XII.2010 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 02.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, UV trap 02.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Molongo, Sangha river bank, UV trap 25.I.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Buffalos bay, UV trap 26.I.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 27-30.I.2012 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 7, UV trap 02.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, near weir, leaf, day capture 02.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, leaf, night capture 03.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 07.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 09.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 10.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 10.II.2012 (7♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 11.II.2012 (6♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 12.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 12.II.2012 (11♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, UV trap 13.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 13-14.II.2012 (10♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 15.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 15.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 16-18.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 19.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 19.II.2012 (12♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 20.II.2012 (5♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, leaf, day capture 21.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 21.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD NMAN11-441 (1♂), UV trap 22.II.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, UV trap 22.II.2012 (4♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 22.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, UV trap 24.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 26.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 27.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 7, UV trap 01.III.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon.
Giglio-Tos 1911. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 42: 37.
Mundame (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Lidjombo, UV trap 14.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM).
Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Gabon.
Gerstaecker 1883. Mitt. Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. 14: 88.
Victoria (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, UV trap 10.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon.
La Greca 1956. Annuar. Inst. Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli 8(11): 18.
Epulu, Uele Ibembo (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
CAR, Komassa, UV trap 07.VIII.1966 (2♂) (Collector M. Boulard) (
CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon.
Wood-Mason 1882. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 51: 30.
Buea (Cameroon).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Lidjombo, in a little bay, UV trap 06.II.2005 (♂) (Collector PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Molongo, leaf, day capture 15.XI.2010 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Molongo, UV trap 15.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Molongo, leaf, night capture 04.XII.2010 (♀) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Molongo, Sangha river bank, UV trap 24.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Angola, Bioko Island, Cameroon, CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Uganda.
Most recent genus revision (
La Greca 1967. Ann. Ist. Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli 18(1): 24.
Yangambi-Stanleyville=Kisangani (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
CAR, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 24.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, weir, leaf, day capture 26.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 28.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 5, little clearing in the forest, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 30.XI-01.XII.2010 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 07-10.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Ayous” Triplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculariaceae, barcoding BOLD-NMMAN11-438 and -451, UV trap 22-23.II.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
CAR, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon.
La Maboke (CAR).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, UV trap 25.XII.1984 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, platform on the canopy 45m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 29.XI.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 02.XII.2010 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, WWF guest house, night capture 21.I.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Buffalos bay, UV trap 26.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, trunk, night capture 27.I.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, barcoding BOLD LopeMAN14-214 (1♂), UV trap 04-10.II.2012 (3♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, night capture 11.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, platform on the canopy 38m, “Azobé” Lophira alata, Ochnaceae, UV trap 12.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 1, base camp, Genitalia Moulin NM0047, UV trap 12.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Lake 3, barcoding BOLD-NMMAN11-448, UV trap 15.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM); Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, Doli Lodge, barcoding BOLD-NMMAN11-403, night capture 16.II.2012 (♂) (Collector J. P. Maurel) (RCNM); Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Lake 1, base camp, laboratory tent, Genitalia Moulin NM0049, night capture 19.II.2012 (♂) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Cameroon, CAR, Gabon.
La Greca 1967. Ann. Ist. Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli 18: 14
Brazzaville, Stanleyville, Mbila, Yangambi (Congo). More research required (Roy, com. pers.).
CAR, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve, Bayanga, UV trap 1984 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, Sangha river bank, UV trap 09.X.2008 (♂) (Collector PA) (IDM); Bayanga, WWF guest house, night capture 21.I.2012 (2♂) (Collector NM and PA) (IDM and RCNM); Bambio, leaf, day capture 24.I.2012 (nymph) (Collector NM and PA) (RCNM).
Angola, CAR, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon.
Bolivar 1908a. Mems R. Soc. Esp. Hist. nat. 1: 471.
Eosung, Bakossi Mountains Wildlife Reserve (Cameroon).
CAR, Komassa, UV trap 05-07.VIII.1966 (2♂) (Collector M. Boulard) (
Cameroon, CAR, Gabon.
Light trapping was the most efficient sampling method, with almost 1000 specimens captured, while day collecting only resulted in the collection of 250 specimens (Fig.
DNA barcoding versus traditional taxonomy.—A total of 94 sequences of more than 200°bp were obtained from 119 specimens analysed. Except in a few cases, the delimitation of taxonomic units on the basis of genetic information contained in the barcodes was congruent with the species limits acknowledged by traditional taxonomy (Fig.
The rarefaction curve obtained for the whole data set (Fig.
Species richness in the three zones studied: Ndoki = Dzanga-Ndoki National Park zone; Sangha = Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve zone; Mbaere = Rest of the Sangha-Mbaere Region; grey chart = observed number of species; dashed chart = estimated richness (ACE index) and associated standard deviation.
The higher observed and estimated species richness was found in the Dzanga-Ndoki NP, where the number of species was close to the number observed at the regional scale, meaning that most of the regional species pool was present in this area (Fig.
Figures
The data obtained during this work provide new insights into our knowledge of the diversity of praying mantids in the Sangha-Mbaere region and by extension in CAR. At present, mass data from the 1960s exist for La Maboke-Boukoko research station in the Lobaye region but are not yet published. The work presented here also allowed the establishment of a vast reference library of DNA barcodes (COI) for the mantids of Central Africa.
The different sampling methods carried out in the different field surveys provided us with a level of sampling effort that was rarely attained in past studies. It is worth reporting that 6 species were only observed during the day and 20 others only at night, which clearly illustrates the importance of combining different sampling approaches.
The lower richness observed in the Dzanga-Sangha SR could be explained by a difference in forest composition with, for instance, a higher proportion of secondary forests compared with Dzanga-Ndoki NP. Even if a higher sampling effort in Dzanga-Ndoki NP could have resulted in a higher number of observed species, it could hardly explain the difference in the estimated richness between the two regions. The low diversity found in the rest of Sangha-Mbaere Region is certainly linked to a lack of sampling intensity in this area.
In the genus Chlidonoptera, barcoding diagnoses separate species from specimens with very slight differences in habitus and genitalia. Individuals from Sangha-Mbaere are closely related to Chlidonoptera vexillum, which was described from Cameroon and is known from other regions of Central Africa, and Chlidonoptera lestoni which to date is known only from Ghana. A similar case was found within the genus Cataspilota, where DNA barcodes confirmed slight but consistent morphological differences observed between specimens from Sangha-Mbaere and those of Cataspilota lolodorfana from Cameroon. DNA barcodes also support the existence of a new Galepsus sp., which is clearly distinguishable from all other species within this genus on the basis of habitus and genitalia. The case of Plistospilota sp. deserves more attention, as morphological identifications within this genus are often difficult, whereas barcoding seems to clearly separate different BINs. For instance, specimens from Sangha-Mbaere could belong to either Plistospilota maxima or Plistospilota validissima but it was impossible to determine due to the very short and weakly informative original descriptions of both of these closely related species. Two other cases that merit consideration further are represented by Polyspilota aeruginosa, which is subdivided in several BINs while no morphological differences could be found to support these divisions, and by Stenopyga ziela that was grouped with specimens of Stenopyga ipassa in a single BIN, whereas both species are unambiguously differentiated either by their habitus or genitalia.
Although reaching exhaustivity in a biodiversity survey for a group of tropical arthropods remains an unattainable objective, our work produced an extensive list of species with a quite high sampling completeness. The active search for specimens in the vegetation proved to be essential in order to have a comprehensive vision of mantid fauna in a given environment. However, the complexity of the vegetation matrix in a tropical rainforest context did not allow us to study the whole volume of available habitats and microhabitats. More sampling would probably result in the discovery of more species restricted to specific ecological niches. Canopy surveying was also very important because many mantids have ecological niches that can be restricted to this stratum. Thus, the verticality of more than 40 m in an old secondary or in a primary forest is useful to distinguish species with different ecological features. In conclusion, we recommend not restricting future studies to the sole use of light trapping, a by far too much restrictive approach to produce a representative picture of the structure of mantid assemblages.
I wish to thank the Scientific Comittee of “SANGHA Biodiversité en Terre Pygmée” Expedition: Prof. Michel Dron (Institute of Plant Biology, Paris-Saclay), Prof. Jean Laurent Syssa-Magale (Faculty of Science, Bangui), Dr. Thierry Rousselin (Geo212 Company, Paris), Dr. Jean-Marc Seng (Biotransfer Company, Montreuil), Dr. Christian Jost (Research Center on animal cognition), Mr. Jean-Pierre Vidon (Ambassador of France in Bangui), Mr. Daniel Emery Dédé (Deputy, President of Production Committee, Natural Resources and Environment, Chairman of the Parliamentary Group of Friendship-Central Africa Republic-Nigeria), Mr. Karim Mekassoua (Minister of State Sangha-Mbaere, CAR), Mr. Gustave Doungoube and Bob Konzi-Sarambo (Minister of Environment and Ecology of CAR), Dr. Joachim Rouauld, Dr. Serge Florent Bolevane Ouantinam, Dr. Olga Yongo, (University of Bangui), Mr. José Madomi (Minister of Waters and Forests, CAR), Mr. Albert Christian Junior Ndadet (Curator of Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, CAR), Mr. Maurice Henri Tadjuide (IUCN at the Tri-National Park), Mr. Jean-Bernard Yarissem (WWF program in CAR), Mr. Sylvain Dongolo, Ms. Angelique Todd (WWF, Bayanga), Mr. François Zowoya (ECOFAC, CAR), Mr. Kazanji Mirdad (Pasteur Institute, Bangui).
Many thanks to Samori Mawendé, spiritual healer Pygmy and all of his community; and all of the team from Central Africa who helped us in the different expeditions.
Sampling in the canopy was made possible thanks to the association “Tout Là-Haut” represented by Matias Loubes and Marion Courcelle; and logistical help in Bangui was provided by Mr. Jean-Louis Fijalkowski. This study has been partly funded by the Grant Germaine Cousin (2012, 2014) from the Société Entomologique de France, by the Crowdfunding KissKissBankBank of April 2015 “A la recherche de la Biodiversité des Mantes d’Afrique” (Actions Biodiversité NGO, Sergej Buchet and Viviane Calaora, Alain Duhamel, Patrick Moulin and Colette Moulin-Berger), by a parternship with the engineering company “Alise Environnement”. DNA barcoding was supported by the International Barcode of Life project led by Paul Hebert at Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (Guelph, Canada). Further, we wish to thank the managers and contributors of the Mantodea Species File (MSF, http://mantodea.speciesfile.org) for the great and useful work they carry out for dictyopterists worldwide, and Roger Roy (Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) for his trust and his help in identifying some specimens.