Short Communication |
Corresponding author: Laurent Pelozuelo ( laurent.pelozuelo@univ-tlse3.fr ) Academic editor: Ming Kai Tan
© 2021 Laurent Pelozuelo.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Pelozuelo L (2021) First observations of the Atlantic beach cricket Pseudomogoplistes vicentae in the Basque autonomous community (Spain). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(1): 67-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.52634
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The Atlantic beach cricket Pseudomogoplistes vicentae Gorochov, 1996 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Mogoplistidae) is among the rare Orthoptera species that live exclusively in coastal habitats. It inhabits cobble beaches from North Africa to Great Britain, with populations known in Morocco, Portugal, Spain, France, Channel Islands, Wales and England. P. vicentae was found on the Spanish continental coast for the first time in 2018, in Asturias. The discovery of three populations in the Basque autonomous community (Northern Spain) is reported here, and useful information for increasing its detection and monitoring its populations is provided.
Europe, Palearctic region, scaly crickets, understudied insects, vulnerable species
Beach crickets (Pseudomogoplistes spp.) live exclusively in coastal stony habitats, in a narrow band of the shoreline upon the influence of sea movements caused by tides and storms. They are ground dwelling crickets which hide below the shingles or debris of the wrack line. Closely dependents on this rare habitat and thus having small areas of occupancy, Pseudomogoplistes species are threatened by habitat alteration and destruction. Heavy storm surges, marine pollution (oil spill) and beach excavation are already known to affect local populations in Great Britain (
Out of the five Pseudomogoplistes species previously described (Table
Pseudomogoplistes
species, their known distribution, and conservation status according to
Species | Known distribution | Conservation status |
---|---|---|
P. squamiger Fischer, 1853 | Mediterranean coast of Albania: Karaburun peninsula (Ponel et al. 2013); | LC1 in Europe. Close to extinction in France |
Algeria: Tamenfoust ( |
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Croatia: Dubrovnik, Lokrum and Šipan islands ( |
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France: Frioul, Riou, Planier, and Porquerolle islands, Banyuls, Bormes-les-Mimosa, Giens, Hyères, La Croix-Valmer, Le Pradet, Port-Vendres Ramatuelle, ( |
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Greece: Kos and Tilos islands ( |
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Italy ( |
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Spain: Alicante and Castellón ( |
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Malta ( |
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A (dubious?) mention in the Atlantic coast of Spain in Canarias islands ( |
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P. byzantius Gorochov, 1995 | Black sea coast of Crimea: Cape Martyan reserve, Karadag nature reserve ( |
EN1 in Europe |
Mediterranean coast of Greece: Thassos island ( |
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P. turcicus Gorochov, 1995 | Turkey: Okurcalar beach ( |
Unevaluated. Okurcalar beaches are very unnatural today. |
P. vicentae Gorochov, 1996 | Atlantic coast of Channel islands: Guernesey and Sark ( |
VU1 in Europe |
Morocco: Tanger ( |
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Portugal: Algarve (Praia do Castelejo), Lisboa (Cabo Raso) ( |
VU in Great Britain | |
Spain: Gran Canaria (Maspalomas) ( |
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Great Britain: Devon (Branscombe), Pembrokeshire (Marloes sands and Dale beaches), and Dorset (Chesil Beach) ( |
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Ssp. P. vicentae septentrionalis in France: Manche, Côte d’Or ( |
Close to extinction in France | |
A (dubious ?) mention in the Mediterranean coast of Algeria (Habibas islands) ( |
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P. madeirae Gorochov & Marshall, 2001 | Madeira island (Funchal) ( |
DD1 in Europe |
After an adult male Pseudomogoplistes spp. specimen was found by chance on the 13th of July 2019, trapped in an empty plastic water bottle on the beach of Agiti kala (San-Sebastian/Donostia, 43°18'27.3"N, 2°04'21.3"W, Gipuzkoa, Basque autonomous community, northern Iberian Peninsula), I conducted a survey at this site on the 3rd and 4th of August. I first looked for beach crickets in an accumulation of red drift algae, but the abundance of jumping sand fleas (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) and the absence of any cricket led me to abandon the search in this micro-habitat. I then searched for crickets by looking beneath large stones that could be easily moved and digging between cobbles during the afternoon in a non-standardized way. Later, survey was performed at night between 23:00 and 01:00 using a headlamp (Ultra Rush model, Petzl). The beach crickets were searched for using two methods: (1) opportunistic searching on the surface of cobbles and rocks for ten to forty-five minutes scouting sequences, from the high water line to approximately 15 m upward and (2) using heads of cooked shrimps deposited on the top of rocks as alimentary bait. Twenty-two baits, separated by approximately 2 m, were deposited and checked thirty minutes later. Crickets were photographed with a compact digital camera (Canon PowerShot G9 X Mark II). In respect with local environmental laws, no cricket was captured.
A survey was also performed in two other sites of the Basque autonomous community, at Gorrondatxe Beach (Getxo, 43°22'54.7"N, 3°00'50.3"W) on August 6, 2019, and Meñakoz Beach in Bizkaia Province (Gorliz, 43°23'43.4"N, 2°59'06.6"W) on August 12, 2019. These beaches were identified as putative favorable habitats (i.e., coves or beaches with large (>30 m) cobble deposits) from Google Maps. These searches were done during the day in a non-standardized way, as in Agiti kala.
Because of its brown body covered by numerous scales with an enlarged abdomen tip, the first specimen found in Agiti kala was identified as a male Pseudomogoplistes sp. according to the descriptions of P. vicentae and P. squamiger provided in
In total, more than 20 adults and 30 nymphs could be observed, among which six females and five males could be photographed. During diurnal surveys, no crickets could be found beneath large stones, while three nymphs could be found digging into cobbles. At night, opportunistic searches led to observation of both nymphs and adults (Fig.
On Gorrondatxe Beach, three nymphs were discovered. In Meñakoz Beach (Fig.
Distribution of the beach cricket species (Pseudomogoplistes spp.). A. Distribution of P. byzantius (black triangle), P. madeirae (black square), P. squamiger (white square), P. turcicus (white triangle), P. vicentae (black circle), P. vicentae septentrionalis (white circle); B. Focus on the distribution of P. vicentae in northern Spain.
Observations of the Atlantic beach cricket Pseudomogoplistes vicentae during nocturnal opportunistic search in Agiti kala, San-Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Basque autonomous community. Scouting sequence duration: duration of a continuous sequence dedicated to opportunistic scouting for crickets walking over the cobbles. Rate of encounter: total number of crickets observed during a scouting sequence divided by the duration of this scouting sequence and expressed on an hourly base.
Night | Scouting sequence duration (min) | Female | Male | Unknown sex adult | Nymphs | Total | Rate of encounter (indiv./h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
August 3, 2019 | 45 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 5.3 |
25 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 9.6 | |
10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.0 | |
August 4, 2019 | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 12.0 |
30 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 14.0 | |
August 15, 2019 | 30 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 14.0 |
Night sights of the Atlantic beach cricket Pseudomogoplistes vicentae in Agiti kala (San-Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Basque autonomous community). A. Young nymph; B. Intermediary nymph; C. Adult female feeding on a piece of potato chip; D. Adult male observed on the upward face of cobbles; E. Posterior view of a male abdomen showing the anal plate with a median shallow concavity.
Observations of P. vicentae in three sites of the Basque autonomous community have increased knowledge of its distribution in Europe and continental Spain. The Gorrondatxe Beach population is roughly 200–250 km away from the population observed in Asturias by
The first specimens of P. vicentae found in England and France were initially regarded as accidentally introduced Mediterranean beach cricket, P. squamiger (
These observations also provided some behavioral information on P. vicentae. While nocturnal observations did not efficiently detect P. squamiger (
I thank Antonia and Jose-Mari Iribar for hosting me and providing facilities at Agiti kala. This study did not require insect lethal capture and was run with respect to the Spanish and Basque autonomous community environmental laws. The precise location of P. vicentae observations were communicated to the entomological section of the local scientific society, Aranzadi.