Effect of high temperature on black patterning in Patanga japonica. Frequencies of last instar nymphs in different grades after transfer from outdoor conditions to 34°C and LD 12:12h at the third stadium (September 28, 2022) or kept outdoors continuously as a control (A). Examples showing body color variation at the last nymphal instar under outdoor conditions (B–E) and at 34°C (F–H). Last instar nymph that was injected with CRZ at the fourth stadium and then singly kept at 34°C (I). Black patterning grades are based on Fig. 1.