Diagrams of phallus of Pterotiltus ngoylaensis sp. nov. A. Lateral view of entire phallic complex, shown somewhat extended relative to the resting state. Ectophallic membrane is coarsely stippled and obscures most of the sclerites. The ventrolateral sclerite (shaded) lies in this membrane and is clearly visible in the extended preparation. The cingular apodeme and the cingular ramus are indistinctly visible through the membrane (partially dashed line). Parts of the epiphallus and of the ventral aedeagal valve (shaded) are seen protruding through the membrane. The cingular valves are replaced by a valvular plate (sensu Hollis, 1971), which is foliose in this genus, as shown in B. and E. below; B, C. Endo- and ectophallic structures dissected free of epiphallus and ectophallic membrane (scale bar does not apply) in (B) dorsal and (C) lateral views. In C, the approximate course of the endophallic flexure and aedeagal valve are shown with dashed lines; D. Lateral view of the arch sclerite and its associated valvular plate dissected free from the cingulum. The whole structure is saddle-shaped, being concave ventrally and fitting over and around the ventral aedeagal valve (C); E. Dorsal view of the arch and its valvular plate showing its multiple lobes. The dashed vertical lines indicate denser areas seen in transmitted light, which suggest the presence of paired cingular valves but is illusory, as no such valves are present; F. Lateral view of endophallus dissected free of the arch and the cingulum. Heavily shaded areas are sclerotised. The lightly shaded area is the ventral aedeagal sclerite on which the endophallic process terminates and which forms the visible part of the ventral aedeagal valve; G, H. Epiphallus in (G) axial and (H) dorsal view. This species has only a single pair of external lophi, which are long, bladelike, and curved forward over the bridge. The “oval” sclerites are shaded in G and have two small tubercles on their ventral surface, indicated in H, a peculiarity of this species. Scale bar: 1 mm.