Audio spectrograms of courtship songs of four species of Anaxipha showing drumming bouts (below 2 kHz) and tegminal sounds (above 4 kHz). Low frequencies (below 2 kHz) were enhanced to better show the low-frequency drumming bouts. A. Anaxipha exigua, dark areas below 1 kHz are drumming bouts; B. Anaxipha tinnulacita, fine, dark lines after 1:05 (min:sec) are the drumming bouts; C. Anaxipha tinnulenta, the dark areas after 5 sec and below 2 kHz are the drumming bouts; D. Anaxipha thomasi, the compact dark areas below 2 kHz are the drumming bouts. The clustered, individual taps between drumming bouts are sounds made by the insect jumping repeatedly and rapidly between echemes during the courtship display. Note that the time scales for each courtship song are different, as each species courtship song length is different and variable.