Corresponding author: Josef Tumbrinck (
Academic editor:
Daniel Petit
The genus
At the end of August 2019, there were 2031 known
All specimens originate from the collections of several museums. Various cameras using various lenses were used to take photos, all in macro mode by using a stacking system with an integrated scale bar or with a macro lens and millimeter paper. No post-processing of photographs was done. Millimeter paper was placed close to the photographed specimen and subsequently used to construct a scale bar, included in the photograph, after which the millimeter paper was deleted. The morphological terminology and measurement methods follow
Holotype (
In contrast to
Body of moderate size, slender. Head and pronotum smooth. Head and eye in lateral view not at all or slightly elevated above the pronotal discus. Antenna more than 1.5 times longer than fore femur, dorsal margin of antennal groove a little bit above the ventral margin of eye, between the eyes. Eyes small and in lateral view blunt and indistinctly conoidal. Antenna filiform, 14-segmented in male (including scapus and pedicel), 15-segmented in female. Fastigium of vertex in dorsal view as broad as or a little wider than the eye, fastigium in frontal view between the eyes slightly depressed. Fastigium in dorsal view with well-developed medial, lateral carinae, and fossula. Lateral carina clearly elevated, in lateral view weakly visible above the eyes and short, in dorsal view not converging towards the front, almost parallel, bending over at right angles to the medial carina (L-shaped). Transverse carina of the vertex in dorsal view slightly convex or straight. Frontal costa and facial carina in lateral view visible in front of eye (except in
The genus
The genus is close to
Altogether seven species are now assigned to the genus
Comparision of frontal costa between
Comparision of fastigial horns between
1 | Median carina in frontal part of pronotum compressed and elevated (Plate |
|
– | Median carina in frontal part of pronotum not compressed and elevated (Plates |
2 |
2 | Distance between upper margin of paired ocelli and frontal margin of fastigium in frontal view less than a diameter of an ocellus (Fig. 1A); bifurcation of the frontal costa into facial carinae near frontal margin of fastigium | 3 |
– | Distance between upper margin of paired ocelli and frontal margin of fastigium in frontal view significantly larger than a diameter of an ocellus (Fig. 1B); bifurcation of the frontal costa into facial carinae in frontal view near ocelli or in the middle between ocelli and frontal margin of fastigium | 6 |
3 | Pronotum, in lateral view, more or less flattened (Plate |
4 |
– | Pronotum, in lateral view, undulated (Plate |
5 |
4 | Median carina in lateral view continuously bent to tip of pronotum (Plate |
|
– | Median carina, in lateral view, not continuously bent to tip of pronotum; in prozona rising again (Plates |
|
5 | Median carina in lateral view slightly undulated but without depression above beginning of tegmen (Plate |
|
– | Median carina in lateral view with depression above beginning of tegmen (Plate |
|
6 | Fastigial horns in frontal and lateral view not or slightly visible above eyes (Fig. 2A) | |
– | Fastigial horns in frontal and lateral view clearly visible above eyes (Fig. 2B) |
A–D (lateral view).
PLTs
All these data prove that
PLTs
Hancock refers to four specimens from the same locality but in UMO only three specimens are present.
PLTs
PTs
After the description and the drawing of the
Philippines: 3♂♂, Siargao,
(in mm)
The species inhabits the Southeast Asian mainland (
Synonym
Note:
Synonym
Note:
Vietnam: 3 ♂♂, 5♀♀, Bac Giang Prov., Tay Yen Tu Nat. Res. Thanh So’n, 18.–21.V.2015, leg. A. Skale,
Thailand: ♀, Khao Soi Dao, 15.X.1985, leg. S. Ingrisch,
Malaysia: ♀, Selangor, Riverside Estate Kwala, IX.1907, leg. H. C. Pratt, UMO; ♂, 2♀♀, Pahang, Bukit Chitimani along overgrown path at base of limestone crop,
Malaysia: Borneo: ♂, Banguey [Pulau Banggi], 1935,
Indonesia: Sumatra: ♂, Padang,
Mentawai: ♀, Siberoet, 18.IX.1924, leg. H. H. Karny,
Sulawesi: ♂, Nr. Morowali, Ranu River area, 27.I.–20.IV.1980, leg. M. J. D. Brendel,
Java: ♀, Salatiga, [
Borneo: ♂, Tandjong Redeb, leg. Mjöberg,
Moluccas: ♀, Buru, Nal Beti, 10.V.1921, leg. L. J. Toxopeus,
Aru: ♀, Aru, Wokan, 1873, leg. O. Beccari,
Waigeo: 3♂♂, 4♀♀, 3 km W Waisai, 40–50 m,
West Papua: ♂, ♀, Cyclops Mts., Sabron, Camp 2 [
Papua New Guinea: ♂, Standlager bei Malu, [
Specimens of
(in mm)
The species inhabits Vietnam, Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and adjacent islands (Enggano, Mentawai), Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Moluccas Isl. (= whole Southeast Asia after
Indonesia: ♀, Indonesia, Ins. Buru, leg. H. Kühne,
(in mm)
Known from the locus typicus (Dolores, Philippines) and from Buru (Maluka, Indonesia).
I identified one ♀ from Thailand (Khon Kaen, Nam Nao National Park, 24.V.1988, leg. S. Ingrisch,
Indonesia: West Papua, Biak NE, 10 km N Bosnik, prim. Urwald, 10.II.1998, leg. A. Weigel,
♀ larve, New Britain, Karavat (+ 20 km), sous de vieilles souches, 300 m, 18.VII.1979, leg. J. D. Bourne,
(in mm) Pronotum length
The species inhabits New Guinea, Biak, and the Bismarck Archipelago – New Britain and New Ireland.
PLTs
Note: Günther refers to 4♂♂, 15♀♀ as STs.
2♀♀, Philippines, N. Palawan, Binaluan, XI-XII.1913, leg. G. Boettcher,
(in mm) ♀, Philippines, Binaluan (
The species is hitherto known only from Palawan (Binaluan), the Philippines.
PTs
The species is easily recognizable by the raised median carina with broad depression between the shoulders. This depression clearly distinguishes it from
Body of moderate size and slender. Head and pronotum smooth. Head and eye in lateral view weakly elevated above the pronotal discus. Dorsal margin of antennal groove slightly above the ventral margin of eye. Eyes small and in lateral view blunt and indistinctly conoidal. Antenna filiform, 14-segmented in male (including scapus and pedicel), while 15-segmented in female, 1.5–2.0 times longer than fore femur. Fastigium of vertex in dorsal view slightly wider than one eye. Fastigium in frontal view between the eyes slightly depressed. Fastigium in dorsal view with well-developed medial and lateral carinae and fossulae. Lateral carina clearly elevated, but in lateral view as high as the dorsal margin of eyes, short, not converging towards the front, bending over at nearly right angles to the medial carina. Transverse carina in dorsal view straight. Frontal costa and facial carina in lateral view minimally visible in front of eye. Tip of fastigium and frontal costa in lateral view slightly, but still clearly, protuberant. Bifurcation of frontal costa into facial carinae between dorsal margin of lateral ocelli and transverse carina, close to transverse carina by less than one diameter of ocellus. Facial carinae in lateral view clearly concave in front of eye and slightly convex in front of antenna. Last segments of maxillary palp not widened. Anterior margin of the pronotum truncated. Pronotum slightly widened between shoulders. Clearly keeled prozonal carinae converging backwards. Median carina distinctly lamellate from anterior margin of the pronotum to the end of tegmen, with a broad depression between shoulders. Interhumeral carinae absent. Internal lateral carinae weak. Pronotum behind shoulders weakly depressed on both sides of median carina, with large black spots like a broad black band (posthumeral). Lateral lobes broadly rounded, more or less close to body. Tegmen almost as long as the fore femur, rather broad, at the end broadly rounded. Macropterous and macropronotal. Alae clearly exceed the pronotum apex. Fore and middle femora short and widened, with wavy margins. Hind femora with very small antegenicular and especially genicular teeth and with some sharply tuberculated raised lobes on the middle outer surface. Posterior tibia distally not or weakly widened, with a few small spines on upper edges. First segment of the hind tarsus not longer than third segment. Pulvilli acute.
(in mm)
3
9
Pictures of
The species is only known from lowlands in the South of New Guinea (surroundings of Fly River and Lakekamu River).
The species is named after the island of New Guinea (
Body long and slender. Head and pronotum smooth. Head and eye in lateral view clearly elevated above pronotal discus. Dorsal margin of antennal groove between eyes, slightly above ventral margin of eye. Eyes small and in lateral view blunt and indistinctly conoidal. Antenna (4.5 mm) filiform with long and slender segments, 15-segmented in female (including scapus and pedicel), 2.4 times longer than fore femur. Fastigium of vertex in dorsal view smaller than width of one eye. Fastigium in frontal view between the eyes depressed. Ventral margin of transverse carina forming with lateral carina square (right angle). Fastigium in dorsal view with well-developed medial and lateral carinae and fossulae. Lateral carina clearly elevated, but in lateral view as high as the dorsal margin of eye, short and not converging towards front, bending over at right angles to the medial carina. Transverse carina in dorsal view slightly convex. Frontal costa and facial carina in lateral view clearly visible in front of eye. Tip of fastigium and frontal costa in lateral view distinctly protuberant. Bifurcation of frontal costa into facial carinae close to transverse carina. Facial carinae in lateral view clearly concave in front of eye and slightly convex in front of antenna. Last segments of maxillary palp not widened. Anterior margin of pronotum truncated. Pronotum expanded between shoulders. Clearly keeled prozonal carinae slightly converging backwards. Median carina from the anterior margin of the pronotum to the level of the end of tegmen distinctly keeled, with two flattened elevations before and behind shoulders. Interhumeral carinae absent. Internal lateral carinae weak. Pronotum behind shoulders weakly depressed on both sides of median carina with black spots (posthumeral spots) forming broad black band. Lateral lobes broadly rounded, more or less close to body. Tegmen slightly shorter than fore femora, slender, at the end broadly rounded. Macropterous and macropronotal. Alae clearly exceed the pronotum apex. Fore and middle femora slender, with slightly undulated margins. Hind femora with very small antegenicular and especially genicular teeth, with some sharply tuberculate raised lobes on the middle outer surface. Posterior tibia distally not or weakly widened, with a few small spines on upper edges. First segment of the hind tarsus not longer than the third segment of tarsus. Pulvilli distinctly acute with apical teeth.
(in mm)
Pictures of
The species is only known from the type locality near Xishuangbanna (Yunnan, PR China).
Note: I cannot find any other species of
This species is dedicated to Fabian Karwinkel, a great ornithologist and a committed young conservationist from Northrhine-Westphalia. The specific epitheton is second (US) declension Genitive case of the Fabian’s Latinized version of the surname (
PTs
The
I published a wrong specimen as
My special thanks go to all institutions for graciously lending me specimens from their collections and for the patience they have shown for my research. I especially thank the Zoologische Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig in Bonn and their staff for their support and assistance. I am also thankful to Ingrid Bunker for proof reading and Josip Skejo for their intensive revision.