Aerial photograph of Langness, showing the area covered by the golf course (light green), the distribution of S. stigmaticus in August 1964 (vertical hatching), 1990 (horizontal hatching), and sites occupied from 2002 in the absence of grazing (dark green) and sites occupied from 2002 where grazing had been reintroduced (red) (based on mapping by Mr. J. F. Burton reported in RPS Clouston (1990), Cherrill (1990, 1994) and subsequent observations by the authors).